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Characteristics
Kharasch addition is the addition of polyhalogenated compounds to alkenes. This reaction was first reported in the 1940s by Kharasch[a] and today is known as Kharasch addition or atom transfer radical addition (ATRA). Historically, ATRA reactions were conducted in the presence of radical initiators and light (high yields of monoadduct for ATRA of CX4 to α-olefins, but low for styrene and methyl acrylate). Kharasch reported the use of several radical electrophiles in his new radical reaction as shown below.
(Ref. http://www.princeton.edu/chemistry/macmillan/group-meetings/NJ_ATRA.pdf)
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Literature reference
[a] Kharasch, M.; Jensen, E.; Urry, W. Science 1945, 102 , 128. DOI:10.1126/science.102.2640.128; Kharasch, M. S.; Jensen, E. V.; Urry, W. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69 , 1100. DOI:10.1021/ja01197a035; Kharasch, M. S.; Kuderna, B. M.; Urry, W. J. Org. Chem. 1948, 13, 895. DOI:10.1021/jo01164a020
・ Minisci, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 1975, 8, 165. DOI: 10.1021/ar50089a004
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Reaction mechanism
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Example of reactions
N– Allyltrichloroacetamides having an appropriate cyclohexenyl or cyclopentenyl group, were easily cyclized to the corresponding trichlorinated ganma-lactams via CuCl or Ru catalysis.[1]
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Bibliography
[1] Nagashima, H.; Ara, K.-i.; Wakamatsu, H.; Itoh, K. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1985, 518. DOI: 10.1039/C39850000518
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Related Books
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Related Links
・Kharasch addition - Wikipedia ・Kharasch reaction and related transformation (Baran's group, PDF) ・Metal Catalyzed Redox Reaction (MacMillan's Group. PDF)