Paal-Knorr Thiophene Synthesis

• General Characteristics

The condensation of 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds with sulfur sources gives thiophenes. Phosphorus pentasulfide (P₄S₁₀) and the Lawesson’s reagent are typically used as the sulfur source.

• General References

• Reaction Mechanism

• Examples

• Experimental Procedure

• Experimental Tips

The experiment should be carried out carefully since the reaction generates highly toxic hydrogen sulfide gas.

• References

• Related Reactions

Paal-Knorr Furan Synthesis

 Paal-Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis

Hinsberg Thiophene Synthesis

Gewald Thiophene Synthesis

• Related Books

• External Links

Thiophene – Wikipedia

Paal thiophene synthesis (organic-chemistry.org)

Synthesis of thiophene (organic-chemistry.org)

Paal-Knorr Synthtesis – Wikipedia

Lawesson's reagent, phosphorus pentasulfide, thiophene