General Characteristics Ketones can be synthesized by the palladium-catalyzed cross coupling between thioesters and boronic acids. The use of copper thiophene-2-carboxylate (CuTC) as an additive is ...
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Polonovski Fragmentation
General Characteristics The acylation of amine N-oxides with acid chlorides or acid anhydrides leads to bond fragmentation at the α-position, yielding the corresponding amides and aldehydes as ...
Regitz Diazo Transfer
General Characteristics Activated methylene compounds react with sulfonyl azides and related reagents to give the corresponding diazo compounds. These diazo compounds are used as 1,3-dipoles or ...
Paal-Knorr Thiophene Synthesis
General Characteristics The condensation of 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds with sulfur sources gives thiophenes. Phosphorus pentasulfide (P4S10) and the Lawesson’s reagent are typically used as the sulfur ...
Boyland-Sims Oxidation
General Characteristics Anilines can be converted into aminophenols by the reaction called the Boyland-Sims oxidation. Ortho-hydroxylated products are usually obtained preferentially. The oxidation ...
Mukaiyama Condensation Reagent
General Characteristics First introduced in 1970’s, 2-halo-N-alkylpyridinium salts are called the Mukaiyama reagent and used for condensation reactions such as esterification and amide bond ...
Betti Reaction
General Characteristics The three component condensation reaction among aldehydes, amines, and phenols is known as the Betti reaction. This reaction is the phenol version of the Mannich reaction. ...
Pinner Reaction
General Characteristics The treatment of nitriles with HCl-anhydrous alcohol generates imidate salts, which can be converted into amidines and orthoesters using amines and alcohols, respectively. The ...
Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction
General Characteristics The classical method to convert carboxylic acids into α-haloacyl halides using phosphorus(III) halide is known as the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. General References Hell, ...
Norrish Reaction
General Characteristics Upon photo-irradiation, carbonyl compounds undergo carbon-carbon bond cleavage reactions via biradical intermediates. The first type involves the formation of acyl radicals ...