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Vilsmeier-Haack Reaction

Vilsmeier-Haack Reaction

General Characteristics The Vilsmeier-Haack reaction is a common method to introduce a formyl group into electron rich aromatic compounds. It is also applicable to electron rich alkenes. The ...

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Williamson Ether Synthesis

Williamson Ether Synthesis

General Characteristics -The synthesis of unsymmetrical ethers by SN2 displacement of alkyl halides by alkoxides is called the Williamson ether synthesis. The reaction works best when the R group is ...

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Curtius Rearrangement

Curtius Rearrangement

General Characteristics -Upon heating, acyl azides undergo rearrangement to give isocyanates with the loss of N2. In the presence of water, the isocyanates are immediately hydrolyzed to give amines ...

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Acyl Protective Groups

Acyl Protective Groups

General Characteristics -Acyl groups are generally stable under acidic and oxidative conditions and deprotected under reductive (DIBAL, LAH, etc.) and basic (NaOH, K2CO3/MeOH etc.) conditions. ...

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Mannich Reaction

Mannich Reaction

General Characteristics -The Mannich reaction is a classic example of three-component condensation reactions. -Under acidic conditions, an amine and an aldehyde condense to form an iminium ion, which ...

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Cross Aldol Reaction

Cross Aldol Reaction

General Characteristics -In cross aldol reactions, the donor carbonyl compound is deprotonated completely by a strong base like LDA to preform its metal enolate, which prevents self-condensation upon ...

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TPAP (Ley-Griffith) Oxidation

TPAP (Ley-Griffith) Oxidation

General Characteristics The oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones can be catalyzed by TPAP (nPr4N+RuO4–; TetraPropylAmmonium Perruthenate) which is air- and moisture-tolerant and also ...

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Michael Addition

Michael Addition

General Characteristics The Michael reaction originally meant the 1,4-addition (conjugate addition) of simple anionic carbons to the electron poor double bonds conjugated to carbonyl groups. Today’s ...

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Fukuyama Amine Synthesis

Fukuyama Amine Synthesis

General Characteristics -The Fukuyama amine synthesis provides a powerful way to access secondary amines under mild reaction conditions. -Nitrobenzenesulfonamides (nosyl (Ns) amides) are acidic ...

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