General Characteristics Thioesters can be converted into aldehydes directly without going through complete reduction to alcohols. By the Fukuyama procedure, the reduction can be effected under very ...
Monthly Archives: October 2014
Lindlar Reduction
General Characteristics The palladium catalyst supported on calcium carbonate and partially deactivated (“poisoned”) with lead acetate and quinoline is called the Lindlar catalyst. Using the Lindlar ...
Pinacol Rearrangement
General Characteristics Vicinal diol compounds (pinacols) undergo dehydrative rarrangement under strongly acidic conditions to produce carbonyl compounds. Since alkyl, aryl, and hydride are all ...
Claisen Condensation
General Characteristics The base-promoted condensation of esters is called the Claisen condensation. The crossed-Claisen condensation between two different esters is effective if one of the esters ...
Nucleophilic Epoxidation with Peroxides
General Characteristics Electron-deficient olefins are epoxidized by oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide and t-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) under basic conditions. Olefins without electron-withdrawing ...
Miyaura-Ishiyama-Hartwig Borylation
General Characteristics Synthetically important aryl and alkenyl boron compounds can be synthesized from the corresponding halides via transition metal catalysis. Bis(pinacolato)diboron is used ...
Noyori Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation
General Characteristics The asymmetric “transfer hydrogenation” of ketones is catalyzed by Ru(II)-arene-tosyldiamine and related complexes. Some of these ruthenium complexes are commercially ...
Noyori Asymmetric Hydrogenation
General Characteristics The asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins and ketones catalyzed by Ru(II)-BINAP and related ruthenium complexes is called the Noyori hydrogenation. The hydrogenation of olefins ...
Harries Ozonolysis
General Characteristics Ozonolysis is a reaction between alkenes and ozone, in which the alkenes are cleaved into a pair of carbonyl compounds. The reaction is done by introducing ozone gas ...
Cannizzaro Reaction
General Characteristics Upon treatment with strong bases (e.g. in aqueous NaOH) and heating, non-enolizable aldehydes undergo redox disproportionation to give corresponding alcohols and carboxylic ...