Oxidation with Dioxiranes

Oxidation with Dioxiranes

Overall Score3.5
  • Generality
  • Reagent Availability
  • Experimental User Friendliness
  • General Characteristics

Dimethyldioxirane (DMDO), prepared from acetone and Oxone®, is used frequently to oxidize alkenes to epoxides. Methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane (TFDO) is about 600 times more reactive than DMDO.

dioxirane_6.gif

Compared with mCPBA, the advantages of using dioxiranes are neutral reaction conditions, easy workup (since the byproduct is only acetone), and low cost of the reagents. However, dioxirane reagents are unstable and have to be prepared freshly for each experiment. These reagents require purification by vacuum distillation and somewhat special handling.

For certain substrates, direct hydroxylation of unactivated aliphatic C-H bonds is possible.

  • General References

  • Murray, R. W.; Jayaraman, R. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2847. DOI: 10.1021/jo00216a007
  • Adam, W.; Chan, Y.-Y.; Cremer, D.; Gauss, J.; Scheutzow, D.; Schindler, M. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 2800. DOI: 10.1021/jo00389a029
  • Mello, R.; Fiorentino, M.; Sciacovelli, O.; Curci, R. J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 3890. DOI: 10.1021/jo00251a053
  • Mello, R.; Fiorentino, M.; Fusco, C.; Curci, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6749. DOI: 10.1021/ja00199a039
  • Adam, W.; Hadjiarapoglou, L.; Nestler, B. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 331. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)94547-7
  • Yang, D.; Wong, M.-K.; Yip. Y.-C. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 3887. DOI: 10.1021/jo00117a046
  • Frohn, M.; Wang, Z.-X.; Shi, Y. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 6425. DOI: 10.1021/jo980604+
  • Yang, D.; Wong, M.-K.; Wang, X. -C.; Tang, Y.-C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6611. DOI: 10.1021/ja980916u
  • Ferraz, H. M. C.; Muzzi, R. M.; Vieira, T. O.; Viertler, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 5021. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)00769-3

 

<reviews>

  • Murray, R. W. Chem Rev. 1989, 89, 1187. DOI: 10.1021/cr00095a013
  • Curci, R.; Dinoi, A.; Rubino, M. F. Pure Appl. Chem. 1995, 67, 811. doi: 10.1351/pac199567050811
  • Curci, R.; D’Accolti, L.; Fusco, C. Acc. Chem. Res. 2006, 39, 1. DOI: 10.1021/ar050163y
  • Adam, W.; Saha-Moller, C. R.; Zhao, C.-G. Org. React. 2002, 61, 219.
  • Reaction Mechanism

dioxirane_4.gif

  • Examples

The synthesis of morphine.[1]

dioxirane_3.gif

The synthesis of merrilactone.[2]

dioxirane_5.gif

An example of selective C-H oxygenation[3]: Methine carbons are more reactive than methylene carbons.

dioxirane_7.gif

The application to the synthesis of an extremely complex bryostatin analogue.[4]

dioxirane_8.gif

  • Experimental Procedure

Preparation of dimethyldioxirane.[5a]

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ADD EXPERIMENTAL LATER

  • Experimental Tips

*As is always the case with synthesis of peroxide compounds, the preparation of dioxiranes has a risk of explosion. A blast shield should be used.

*DMDO is a volatile peroxide and its handling requires extra caution. Use it only inside a fume hood.

*Touching and inhaling these strong oxidants must be avoided. Appropriate protective gloves should be worn.

  • References

[1] Trost, B. M.; Tang, W.; Toste, F. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 14785. DOI: 10.1021/ja054449+
[2] (a) Inoue, M.; Sato, T.; Hirama, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 10772. DOI: 10.1021/ja036587+ (b) Inoue, M.; Sato, T.; Hirama, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 4843. doi:10.1002/anie.200601358 (c) Inoue, M.; Lee, N.; Kasuya, S.; Sato, T.; Hirama, M.; Moriyama, M.; Fukuyama, Y. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3065. DOI: 10.1021/jo0700474
[3] (a) Bovicelli, P.; Lupattelli, P.; Mincione, E.; Prencipe, T.; Curci, R. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 57, 2182. DOI: 10.1021/jo00033a053 (b) Iida, T.; Yamaguchi, T.; Nakamori, R.; Hikosaka, M.; Mano, N.; Goto, J.; Nambara, T. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 2001, 2229. DOI: 10.1039/B104938K
[4] Wender, P. A.; Hilinski, M. K.; Mayweb, A, V, W, Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 79. DOI: 10.1021/ol047859w
[5] (a) Li, Y.; Tang, P.; Chen, Y.; Yu, B. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 4323. DOI: 10.1021/jo8003875 (b) Murray, R. W.; Singh, M. Org. Synth. Coll. Vol. 9, 288 (1988). [website]

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